• The following are the supplementary

  2022-04-11

  

  The following are the supplementary data related to this article. Transparency document Introduction Hypoxia is a pathological process that causes abnormal changes in metabolism, function and morphological structure of tissue because of insufficient oxygen supply. It's reported that hypoxia w

• Accompanied with apoptosis other ways of neuronal death also

  2022-04-11

  

  Accompanied with apoptosis, other ways of neuronal death also occur in ischemic leukotriene b4 synthesis due to the impairment of mitochondrial homeostasis [16]. Oxidative DNA damage activates poly (ADP-ribose) polymerase 1 (PARP-1) to induce regulated necrosis, referred to as parthanatos, in the br

• E E evolution at transmission has been explored

  2022-04-11

  

  E1E2 evolution at transmission has been explored in multiple previous studies. Vertical transmission selects for E1E2 variants with increased replication fitness due of CTL escape mutations (Honegger et al., 2013). Experimental infection of chimeric liver mice selects for E1E2 variants with increase

• br Substrate Interactions Outside of the Catalytic Cleft

  2022-04-11

  

  Substrate Interactions Outside of the Catalytic Cleft As for other types of protein–protein interactions, kinase–substrate docking interactions can occur through large binding interfaces or through recognition of short linear sequence motifs. For kinases with a large number of substrates, the use

• A similar symbiotic relationship has been reported in the

  2022-04-11

  

  A similar symbiotic relationship has been reported in the brain, where increased gradients of lactate secreted by astrocytes enables neurons to import and use this nutrient, a process referred to the ‘neuron–astrocyte lactate shuttle’ [16]. Similarly, lactate-based metabolic coupling established by

• The ketone body receptor HCA is most

  2022-04-11

  

  The ketone body receptor HCA2 is most likely not active under normal conditions, since local levels and plasma levels of ketone bodies such as β-HB are too low to activate the receptor. However, overnight fasting or prolonged starvation results in plasma levels of the ketone body in the millimolar r

• Several studies have found that

  2022-04-11

  

  Several studies have found that GPR55 possesses a distinct pharmacology from that of CB1 and CB2, and that only certain cannabinoids act at this receptor. In transfected hcv virus expressing hGPR55, out of more than 20 synthetic and endogenous cannabinoids evaluated, only 2 compounds, SR141716A (Ri

• As natural ligands of GPR several long chain polyunsaturated

  2022-04-11

  

  As natural ligands of GPR120, several long chain polyunsaturated fatty acids (Lc-PUFAs) have been demonstrated to modulate the 3T3-L1 adipogenic differentiation. However, the effects of the Lc-PUFAs are inconclusive. DHA is shown to inhibit, promote or even not affect the differentiation of preadipo

• br Funding M I is supported by European Research Council

  2022-04-11

  

  Funding M.I. is supported by European Research Council (ERC) Consolidator Grant 725038, Italian Association for Cancer Research (AIRC) Grant 19891, Italian Ministry of Health (MoH) Grant GR-2011-02347925, Lombardy Foundation for Biomedical Research (FRRB) Grant 2015-0010, the European Molecular B

• To maintain low Glu concentrations in the synaptic

  2022-04-11

  

  To maintain low Glu concentrations in the synaptic cleft below the affinity of its receptors, this amino PF 04418948 is rapidly removed from the extracellular space by a family of sodium-dependent high-affinity transport systems located mainly in the plasma membrane of perisynaptic astrocytes, and

• Among the various delivery strategies

  2022-04-11

  

  Among the various delivery strategies in the field of nano-DDS, developing smart targeted nanocarriers has long been a research focus for pharmaceutical scientists11., 12.. The ideal drug delivery outcome must be precisely delivering the therapeutic agents to their sites of action, especially for an

• In this study our result suggests

  2022-04-09

  

  In this study, our result suggests that exogenous GR agonist DEX and GR inhibitor RU486 can affect dopaminergic neurotransmitters in the brain. Pituitary adenylate cyclase-activating polypeptide (PACAP), an endogenous neuropeptide, can regulate the synthesis and release of catecholamine. McArthur et

• One important discovery of our study is the identification o

  2022-04-09

  

  One important discovery of our study is the identification of a pharmacological mechanism for the macrolide antibiotic erythromycin (EM) in promoting joint health. EM is a commonly used antibiotic that directly binds bacterial ribosomes to inhibit protein synthesis [66]. Although EM-like macrolide

• In this study we describe the expression of galr

  2022-04-09

  

  In this study, we describe the expression of galr2a and galr2b in zebrafish embryos using whole-mount in situ RNA hybridization. To further analyze the distribution of GALR2b and its interactions with galanin, we generated Tg(galr2b:egfp) zebrafish, which express EGFP under the control of a galr2b p

• br Materials and methods br Results

  2022-04-09

  

  Materials and methods Results Discussion G-quadruplex structures are extensively studied for its role in central dogma of molecular biology viz. replication problems leading to chromosomal translocations [20], [21], transcriptional inhibition [32] and alternative splicing and translational

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