• Introduction The burden of cardiovascular disease CVD

  2023-11-23

  

  Introduction The burden of cardiovascular disease (CVD) is undisputed, accounting for approximately a third of global deaths (17.5 million people in 2012) (WHO, 2012). Atherosclerosis leads to the development of coronary heart disease (CHD) which accounts for more than 40% of these deaths (WHO, 201

• The AMP Activated Protein Kinase

  2023-11-23

  

  The 5′AMP-Activated Protein Kinase (AMPK) has evolved as an important cellular sensor of reduced energy status that can subsequently phosphorylate its target proteins, slowing the rates of key biosynthetic processes and promoting energy producing pathways; for these reasons AMPK has been proposed as

• Spectroscopic techniques are powerful biophysical tools

  2023-11-23

  

  Spectroscopic techniques are powerful biophysical tools used in the study of biomolecular structures, including those of proteins. UV–Vis sesamin receptor spectroscopy makes use of absorption property of the protein peptide backbone at around 218 nm, and aromatic amino acid residues primarily at ar

• We have previously shown that the antinociceptive effect

  2023-11-23

  

  We have previously shown that the antinociceptive effect of tramadol, an analgesic that, like paracetamol is able to increase serotonin levels within CNS, is potentiated or antagonized respectively by a 5-HT1A/B nonspecific auz blockade or activation (Rojas-Corrales et al., 2000). Moreover, it has

• Flavin adenine dinucleotide mg hydroxydopamine OHDA is a sel

  2023-11-23

  

  6-hydroxydopamine (6-OHDA) is a selective catecholaminergic neurotoxin mainly used to generate lesions in the nigrostriatal pathway in rats (Ungerstedt, 1968). The most common use of 6-OHDA is via unilateral injection into the rat medial forebrain bundle (MFB). DA depletion, nigral DA cell loss, and

• Our published data showed that in mouse heart the protein

  2023-11-22

  

  Our published data showed that, in mouse heart, the protein level of WDR1 was highest during the embryonic stage, but became progressively decreased to a constant level from birth to adulthood (Yuan et al., 2014), indicating an important role of WDR1 in embryonic heart development. However, function

• GMF was later localized to the cytosol of primary astrocytes

  2023-11-22

  

  GMFβ was later localized to the cytosol of primary astrocytes and glioma cell lines [67], prompting investigations into its involvement in intracellular signaling. It was found that PKA phosphorylation of GMFβ inhibits the ERK1/2 branch of the MAP kinase pathway [73], yet activates the stress-respon

• In vitro studies with soman inhibited non aged AChE

  2023-11-22

  

  In vitro studies with soman-inhibited, non-aged AChE revealed a species dependent reactivating potency of HI-6 and MMB-4. With guinea pig AChE second order reactivation rate constants of 0.051 and 0.038mM−1min−1 were determined for HI-6 and MMB-4, respectively (Luo et al., 2007). Corresponding value

• br Methods br Transparency document br Introduction Epinephr

  2023-11-22

  

  Methods Transparency document Introduction Epinephrine (EP) is a critical hormone and catecholamine neurotransmitter in nervous system of mammals.1, 2, 3 It has been known to accelerate and regulate heartbeat, blood pressure, bronchodilation, mydriasis, blood sugar and lipolysis, and can he

• In an AP scenario several inflammatory mediators are produce

  2023-11-22

  

  In an AP scenario, several inflammatory mediators are produced locally to orchestrate an immune response. Eicosanoids are among those molecules and represent a class of lipid mediators synthesized from arachidonic Diphenyleneiodonium chloride australia through the action of cyclooxygenases or lipox

• Double immunofluorescence staining of Gas and Axl

  2023-11-22

  

  Double immunofluorescence staining of Gas6 and Axl with neuronal specific nuclear protein (NeuN), glial fibrillary acidic protein (GFAP), and ionized calcium-binding adaptor molecule 1 (Iba-1), demonstrated that Gas6 and Axl are expressed by neurons, astrocytes and microglia/macrophages (Fig. 2). In

• Maintaining the normal vaginal fluid

  2023-11-22

  

  Maintaining the normal vaginal fluid acidity is important for vaginal functions (Wagner and Levin 1984). Estrogen has been shown essential in maintaining the acidity of vaginal fluid, in which its deficiency could cause vaginal fluid pH to increase (Gorodeski et al. 2005). After menopause, low estro

• The evidence points toward a role for LO activity in

  2023-11-22

  

  The evidence points toward a role for 12/15-LO activity in WAT in modulating chronic local inflammation and subsequent systemic metabolic decline in the obese state. However, little is known as to the role of 12- and 15-LOs in BAT. Indeed, in addition to WAT, platelet- and leukocyte-type 12-LO are e

• br The role of LOX plays in autophagy

  2023-11-22

  

  The role of 12/15-LOX plays in autophagy Autophagy is a process by which cellular material is delivered to lysosomal to degrade the damaged organelles and proteins to facilitate nutrient recycling (Towers and Thorburn, 2016). There has been characterized three types of autophagy-macroautophagy, m

• A third motif involves the toggle switch and

  2023-11-22

  

  A third motif involves the toggle switch and consists of the conserved FxxCWxP sequence in TM6 of class A GPCRs (Hofmann et al., 2009, Rosenbaum et al., 2009). Rotamerization of Trp in combination with a kink caused by Pro facilitates the outward movement of TM6 upon activation (Hofmann et al., 2009

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